[Soil microbial carbon pump conceptual framework 2.0]. / 土壤微生物碳泵概念体系2.0.

Microorganisms are essential actors in the biogeochemical cycling of elements within terrestrial ecosystems, with significant influences on soil health, food security, and global climate change. The contribution of microbial anabolism-induced organic compounds is a non-negligible factor in the processes associated with soil carbon (C) storage and organic matter preservation. In recent years, the conceptual framework of soil microbial carbon pump (MCP), with a focus on microbial metabolism and necromass generation process, has gained widespread attention. It primarily describes the processes of soil organic C formation and stabilization driven by the metabolic activities of soil heterotrophic microorganisms, representing an important mechanism and a focal point in current research on terrestrial C sequestration. Here, we reviewed the progress in this field and introduced the soil MCP conceptual framework 2.0, which expands upon the existing MCP model by incorporating autotrophic microbial pathway for C sequestration and integrating the concept of soil mineral C pump. These advancements aimed to enrich and refine our understanding of microbial-mediated terrestrial ecosystem C cycling and sequestration mechanisms. This refined framework would provide theoretical support for achieving China's "dual carbon" goals.

Apoptosis-promoting properties of miR-3074-5p in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload conditions.

BACKGROUND: Iron overload can promote the development of osteoporosis by inducing apoptosis in osteoblasts. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate apoptosis in osteoblasts under iron overload has not been elucidated. METHOD: The miRNA expression profile in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload was detected by next generation sequencing. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of miR-3074-5p in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was tested using CCK-8 assays, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The miRanda and TargetScan databases were used to predict the target genes of miR-3074-5p. Interaction between miR-3074-5p and the potential target gene was validated by qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that iron overload decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results of next generation sequencing analysis showed that miR-3074-5p expression was significantly increased in MC3T3-E1 cells under iron overload conditions, which was confirmed by further experiments. The inhibition of miR-3074-5p attenuated the apoptosis of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the expression of Smad4 was decreased and was inversely correlated with miR-3074-5p expression, and overexpression of Smad4 partially reversed the viability inhibition of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells by relieving the suppression of ERK, AKT, and Stat3 phosphorylation, suggesting its regulatory role in the viability inhibition of iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells. The luciferase reporter assay results showed that Smad4 was the target gene of miR-3074-5p. CONCLUSION: miR-3074-5p functions as an apoptosis promoter in iron-overloaded MC3T3-E1 cells by directly targeting Smad4.

Finite element analysis of the effect of power arm locations on tooth movement in extraction space closure with miniscrew anchorage in customized lingual orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: More patients are choosing customized orthodontic appliances because of their excellent esthetics. It is essential that clinicians understand the biomechanics of the tooth movement tendency in customized lingual orthodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the tooth movement tendency during space closure in maxillary anterior teeth with the use of miniscrew anchorage in customized lingual orthodontics with various power arm locations. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of the maxilla were created with miniscrews and power arms; the positions were varied to change the force directions. A retraction force (1.5 N) was applied from the top of the miniscrews to the selected points on the power arm, and the initial displacements of the reference nodes of the maxillary teeth were analyzed. RESULTS: After applying force in different directions, power arms located at the distal side of the canines led to larger initial lingual crown tipping and occlusal crown extrusion of the maxillary incisors compared with power arms located at the midpoint between the lateral incisors and canines, and caused a decreasing trend of the intercanine width. CONCLUSIONS: In customized lingual orthodontic treatment, power arms located at the distal side of the canines are unfavorable for anterior teeth torque control and intercanine width control. Power arms located at the midpoint between the lateral incisors and canines can get better torque control, but still cannot achieve excepted torque without extra torque control methods, no matter whether its force application point is higher than, lower than, or equal to the level of the top of the miniscrews.

Iron overload induces G1 phase arrest and autophagy in murine preosteoblast cells.

This study aimed to investigate the cell cycle arrest and autophagy induced by iron overload in MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in different concentrations of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and Perls' Prussian blue reaction was used to detect the iron levels of the cells. CCK-8 assays were used to detect the growth of MC3T3-E1. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells was investigated with DCFH-DA. PI staining was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution of MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, the expression levels of cell cycle related proteins, autophagy related proteins, AKT, p38 MAPK, Stat3, and their downstream proteins were detected with Western blot assays. The results showed that the iron levels of MC3T3-E1 cells increased with increasing concentrations of FAC. High levels of ferric ion inhibited proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and increased their ROS levels. Additionally, iron overload induced G1arrest in MC3T3-E1 cells and down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1 , Cyclin D3 , CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6, but up-regulated p27 Kip1. In addition, the expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 II increased, but that of p62 decreased. Further experiments showed that the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream proteins p-GSK-3ß(Ser9) and p-mTOR (Ser2448) were decreased. The levels of p-p38 and p53 were up-regulated while those of cdc25A and p-ERK 1/2 were down-regulated. Phosphorylation of Stat3 and its downstream proteins was all decreased. These results show that iron overload generates ROS, blocks the PI3K/AKT and Jak/Stat3 signal pathways, and activates p38 MAPK, subsequently inducing G1 arrest and autophagy in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Customized Lingual Orthodontic Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Bilateral Maxillary First Premolar Extraction: Case Report.

This report describes the orthodontic camouflage treatment for a 52-year-old Chinese man using eBrace customized lingual appliance with bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. The treatment results showed that using the eBrace customized lingual appliance can achieve expected effects and has a high level of safety for periodontal health.

Applications of cone-beam computed tomography to assess the effects of labial crown morphologies and collum angles on torque for maxillary anterior teeth.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely used because of its capacity to evaluate the anatomic structures of the maxilla, mandible, and teeth in 3 dimensions. However, articles about the use of CBCT to evaluate the relationships between the morphology of individual teeth and torque expression remain rare. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of labial crown morphologies and collum angles on torque for maxillary anterior teeth using CBCT. METHODS: A total of 206 extracted maxillary anterior teeth were selected to establish scanning models using dental wax, and they were scanned by CBCT. Three-dimensionally reconstructed images and median sagittal sections of the teeth were digitized and analyzed with AutoCAD software (Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif). The angle α, formed by the intersection of the tangent at a certain vertical height on the labial surface from the incisal edge with the crown long axis, and the collum angle, were measured. RESULTS: The variations in angle α at different heights from the incisal edge for the same type of tooth were statistically significantly different (P <0.001). Moreover, the variations between collum angles and 0° for any type of maxillary anterior tooth were statistically significant (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that there are great differences in labial crown morphologies and collum angles for maxillary anterior teeth between persons, indicating that the morphologies of these teeth do play important roles in torque variations.

A monomer purified from Paris polyphylla (PP-22) triggers S and G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 by activating the p38/cdc25/cdc2 and caspase 8/caspase 3 pathways.

Recent studies have shown that the aqueous, ethanolic extracts and a monomer compound of Paris polyphylla exhibit anticancer activity toward several types of cancer cell lines, but the anticancer activity of (3ß,17α,25R)-spirost-5-ene-3,17-diol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â†’ 2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, a monomer isolated from P. polyphylla (PP), named PP-22, has not been reported previously. In this study, we investigated the effect of PP-22 on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-15 cells in vitro. MTT assays showed that PP-22 inhibited the growth of SCC-15 cells and had no obvious inhibitory effects on human liver L02 cells. Flow cytometry assays showed that the percentages of apoptotic cells were increased. In addition, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) could be detected by Western blotting. Flow cytometry also showed that PP-22 triggered S and G2/M phases arrest in SCC-15 cells, and on the other hand, the expression of cyclin A, cyclin E2, cyclin B1, phospho-cell division cycle2 (p-cdc2)(Tyr15), p-Wee1, Myt1, and p53 was upregulated. Moreover, p-p38 levels increased, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) levels decreased, and cdc25B expression was inhibited. Furthermore, the p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 reversed the increase of the expression level of p38, p-cdc2 (Tyr15), cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, p-p53, and p53 and reversed the decrease in cdc25B expression. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that PP-22 activated p38, inhibited cdc25B, increased p-cdc2 (Tyr15), and triggered S and G2/M phase arrest, as well as activated p53 through the p38-p53 pathway, inhibited the MAPK/ERK pathway, activated the caspase 8/caspase 3 pathway, and triggered the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in SCC-15 cells.

Effect of orthodontic force on inflammatory periodontal tissue remodeling and expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of orthodontic force on inflammatory periodontal tissue remodeling and expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in rats. METHODS: Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, blank control group (group A) with 5 rats, treatment normal group (group B) with 25 rats, inflammation control group (group (group C) with 25 rats, inflammation treatment group (group D) with 25 rats. Immunohistochemistry and histomorphometric analysis was performed to measure the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and the first molar to the recent movement in the distance. RESULTS: The expression of IL-8 reached a maximum on day 5 and declined thereafter in group B; the expression of IL-6 reached a maximum on day 5 in group B. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 was gradually weakened with time in group C. The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were high, and reached a maximum on day 5 and declined thereafter in group D. AD of positive cells in group D were higher than group B at each time point (P<0.05). The time which 0.49 N orthodontic force was loaded was longer, orthodontic tooth movement distance was greater. Movement distance in group D were longer than group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic force as well as inflammatory stimulus can evoke the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Under the combined effects of inflammation and orthodontic force, the expression of IL-6, IL-8 will increase.

Impact of low versus conventional doses of chemotherapy during transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization on serum fibrosis indicators and survival of liver cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the impact of low- vs conventional-dose chemotherapy via transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) on serum fibrosis indicators and treatment efficacy of hepatocellular cancer patients (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were assigned to TACE in Group A (with low-dose chemotherapy) or Group B (conventional-dose chemotherapy). Four serum fibrosis related indicators, hyaluronic acid(HA), human pro-collagen type-III (hPC-III), laminin (LN), and collagen type-IV(IV-C) before TACE were compared with the values 7 days after TACE. The response rate and survival time were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Fifty patients with HCC were enrolled in this study, including 25 in Group A and 25 in Group B. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in the four indicators before TACE. After TACE, the value of the four serum indicators increased significantly in Group B. However, no significant differences regarding these four indicators were found in Group A after TACE. Significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups after TACE, but median survival time and 1 or 2 year overall survival rates did not differ (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-, compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy exerts the same impact on the variation of fibrosis related indicators and has no influence on median survival time and survival rate after TACE in HCC patients.

Applied anatomic site study of palatal anchorage implants using cone beam computed tomography.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to conduct quantitative research on bone height and bone mineral density of palatal implant sites for implantation, and to provide reference sites for safe and stable palatal implants. METHODOLOGY: Three-dimensional reformatting images were reconstructed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 34 patients, aged 18 to 35 years, using EZ Implant software. Bone height was measured at 20 sites of interest on the palate. Bone mineral density was measured at the 10 sites with the highest implantation rate, classified using K-mean cluster analysis based on bone height and bone mineral density. RESULTS: According to the cluster analysis, 10 sites were classified into three clusters. Significant differences in bone height and bone mineral density were detected between these three clusters (P<0.05). The greatest bone height was obtained in cluster 2, followed by cluster 1 and cluster 3. The highest bone mineral density was found in cluster 3, followed by cluster 1 and cluster 2. CONCLUSION: CBCT plays an important role in pre-surgical treatment planning. CBCT is helpful in identifying safe and stable implantation sites for palatal anchorage.

[Evaluation of the implant sites of palatal implants using cone beam computed tomography].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vertical bone height and the bone density of the palate for implants placement using cone beam CT(CBCT) and to provide references to the safe and stable placement of palatal implants. METHODS: Three-dimensional reformatting images were reconstructed with the selected CBCT scanning data of 34 patients aged 18 to 35 yeras, by means of EZ implant software. The vertical bone height was measured at 20 interesting sites of palate. Bone density was measured at 10 sites that could support 3.0 mm long implants. The data of the vertical bone height and bone density were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis. RESULTS: According to the cluster analysis results, the 10 sites were classified into 3 clusters. There were statistical differences among these three clusters in bone height and bone density (P < 0.05). The LSD result showed that the greatest mean value of vertical bone height was obtained in cluster 2, followed by cluster 1 and cluster 3; the highest bone density was founded in cluster 3, followed by cluster 1 and cluster 2. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the sites for palatal implant placement with cone beam CT would be helpful in safe and stable implantation.

[Evaluation of the effect of maxillary anterior teeth morphology on torque using cone beam dental computed tomography].

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of labial surface contours and collum angles of the maxillary anterior teeth on torque. METHODS: 206 extracted maxillary teeth were selected, including 77 central incisors, 68 lateral incisors and 61 canines. All specimens were scanned by cone beam dental computed tomography (CT). Three-dimensional reconstructed images were made by using the CT software. The median sagittal planes of all teeth were selected and then analyzed by the Auto CAD software. For each tooth, the angles between tangent lines to the labial surface at four different heights along the surface and the longitudinal axis of the crown were measured. The collum angle was also measured. RESULTS: Between 3.5 mm and 5.0 mm level of bracket heights, for the variation of 0.5 mm, the torque differed by 1.5 degrees for the maxillary central incisors and 2 degrees for the maxillary lateral incisors and canines. The mean collum angle values for the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were 0.88 degree, 3.87 degrees and -3.30 degrees. CONCLUSION: The biological variation in tooth morphology would influence the torque after orthodontic treatment in different ways.

[Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth and essential oil of Atractylodes lancea].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on cultivated Atractylodes lancea. METHOD: Pot experiment of A. lancea, with (code as AM) or without (code as CK) Glomus mosseae (GM) was conducted 5 times respectively, then the biomass, essential oil, and soil nutrition, soil organism, soil microbial were detected after A. lancea were harvested. RESULT: (1) Mycorrhizal dependency of A. lancea was 245%, and height of individuals, numbers of leaves, leaf area, biomass of A. lancea were all higher in AM than in CK (P < 0.05). (2) GC-MS analysis with cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that there were no differences in essential oil of A. lancea between AM and CK. (T3) Total N, available N, available P and available K in AM soil were all lower than in CK soil. (4) GC-MS analysis showed organic matters changed differenly in AM soil and CK soil, components 5,6 in AM soil were higher than that in CK soil, but component 9, 10, 11 were lower in AM soil than that in CK soil. (5) Biolog detect showed AWCD of AM soil microbe were higher than that of CK soil throughout the incubation, and AWCD of the former was 0.66, and the later was 0.46 after 192 h incubation. and t-test showed, Shannon seven indices and McIntosh'seven indices were same both at 72 h and 192 h, and diversity indices of Shannon and McIntosh were also same at 72 h, but AM soil microbe were higher than CK soil microbe at 168 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AM could promote nutrition uptake, improve the function diversity and activity of microbe in rhizosphere of A. lancea, influence the composition of the organic matter, that lead the growth of A. lancea, but not to the quality.

[Intravascular administration of pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion for Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: clinical analysis of 7 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To define the arteriographic features of Klippel-Trenaunay sydrome (KTS) and explore the feasibility of the treatment with intravascular administration of pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion (PLE). METHODS: Seven patients with KTS underwent arteriography followed by therapy with PLE administration (containing pingyangmycin 8-16 mg and lipiodol 4-6 ml) into the trunk of the arteries of all impaired extremities. The therapeutic effect and postoperative complications were observed. RESULTS: Arteriography revealed abundant small branches of the runoff arteries, showing sinusoid changes of varied sizes in 5 cases by staining of the soft tissue. During the 3 to 30-month follow-up, swelling of the extremities was obviously improved in 5 cases after PLE therapy, which failed to produce obvious effect in 1 case and recurrence was detected in another. The major complications included paresthesia of the limbs, serum transaminase disorder and local skin necrosis. CONCLUSION: Arteriography can detect the lesions of the arteries and soft tissues in the affected extremity of patients with KTS, intravascular administration of PLE was effective to alleviate the hypertrophy of the limbs.

[Effect of pingyangmycin on the growth and cell cycle of human vascular endothelial cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5) on the proliferation and cell cycle of the cultured ECV304 cells, a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line. METHODS: The growth inhibition of PYM on ECV304 cells was measured by MTT assay and the changes in the cell cycle by flow cytometry. RESULTS: After 10 microg/ml PYM treatment of the cells for 24, 48, and 72 h, the inhibition rates were 44.7%, 59.7%, and 74.4% respectively, showing a dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effect, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PYM corresponding to treatment durations of 24, 48 and 72 h being 32.94, 2.56 and 0.75 microg/ml respectively. Flow cytometry showed that ECV304 cell cycle was arrested at G2-M phase after 24-hour treatment with 1 microg/ml PYM, with significant reduction in the cell ratio of S phase and increase of G2-M phase (P<0.01) CONCLUSION: PYM can effectively inhibit the proliferation of ECV304 cells, the mechanism of which might involve the blocking of cell cycle.